More on the evaluation of joint disorders: How to examine the shoulder, including the following:
• Inspection of structures (eg, of the clavicle, acromion, acromioclavicular joint, scapula, and scapular spine)
• Inspection for muscle wasting (eg, over the deltoid, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus)
• Palpation (eg, of the clavicle, acromion, acromioclavicular joint, subacromial bursa, supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
• Checking range of motion
• Examining for impingement syndrome (eg, using the Neer test and the Hawkins test)
• Examining for acromioclavicular (A-C) joint injury using the cross-body adduction test
• Examining for specific injuries, such as: Rotator cuff injuries by testing external rotation, Arm abduction against resistance, or a drop-arm test,Supraspinatus weakness, Bicipital tendonitis by palpating the bicipital groove and doing a speed test)
• Examining for instability (eg, anterior glenohumeral instability).
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First published in 1899 as a small reference book for physicians and pharmacists, The Merck Manual grew in size and scope to become one of the world's most widely used comprehensive medical resources for professionals and consumers. As The Manual evolved, it continually expanded the reach and depth of its offerings to reflect the mission of providing the best medical information to a wide cross-section of users, including medical professionals and students, veterinarians and veterinary students, and consumers.
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Examination demonstrated by Paul Liebert, MD, Tomah Memorial Hospital.
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